The end of the Characidae family as we know it?

Neotropical tetras of the family Characidae form the largest and most taxonomically complex clade within the order Characiformes. In this study, researchers propose a new classification of former Characidae into four new taxonomic families: Spintherobolidae, Stevardiidae (nine sub-families), Characidae (five sub-families), and Acestrorhamphidae (15 sub-families).

Paywall – https://academic.oup.com/…/articl…/202/1/zlae101/7748269

This is a major work, with a lot to unpack. This study represents the largest phylogeny of Neotropical tetras of the families Acestrorhamphidae, Characidae, Spintherobolidae, and Stevardiidae to date in terms of taxa and characters. Together with the new (sub)families, there are many nomenclature changes at the species level proposed, and some great discussion on the remarkable fishes we know as tetras.

The authors note that the new phylogeny opens avenues for new systematic reviews and redefinitions of included genera.

𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗹𝗲

Phylogenomics of Characidae, a hyper-diverse Neotropical freshwater fish lineage, with a phylogenetic classification including four families (Teleostei: Characiformes)

𝗖𝗶𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻

Bruno F Melo, Rafaela P Ota, Ricardo C Benine, Fernando R Carvalho, Flavio C T Lima, George M T Mattox, Camila S Souza, Tiago C Faria, Lais Reia, Fabio F Roxo, Martha Valdez-Moreno, Thomas J Near, Claudio Oliveira, Phylogenomics of Characidae, a hyper-diverse Neotropical freshwater fish lineage, with a phylogenetic classification including four families (Teleostei: Characiformes), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 202, Issue 1, September 2024, zlae101, https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae101

𝗔𝗯𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁

Neotropical tetras of the family Characidae form the largest and most taxonomically complex clade within the order Characiformes. Previous phylogenetic relationships concur on the recognition of four major subclades, whereas knowledge on intergeneric and interspecific relationships remains largely incomplete or nonexistent.

We sampled 575 specimens of 494 species and 123 genera classified in Characidae, generated new molecular data of ultraconserved elements (UCEs), and used likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The phylogeny (1348 UCE loci: 538 472 bp) yielded clades with unprecedented resolution at species- and genus-levels, allowing us to propose a new classification of former Characidae into four families: Spintherobolidae, Stevardiidae, Characidae, and Acestrorhamphidae.

The family Stevardiidae includes nine subfamilies: Landoninae, Xenurobryconinae, Glandulocaudinae, Argopleurinae, Hemibryconinae, Stevardiinae, Planaltininae, Creagrutinae, and Diapominae.

The family Characidae includes five subfamilies: Aphyocharacinae, Cheirodontinae, Exodontinae, Tetragonopterinae, and Characinae.

The family Acestrorhamphidae congregates 15 subfamilies: Oxybryconinae, Trochilocharacinae, Stygichthyinae, Megalamphodinae, Stichonodontinae, unnamed subfamily, Stethaprioninae, Pristellinae, Jupiabinae, Tyttobryconinae, Hyphessobryconinae, Thayeriinae, Rhoadsiinae, Grundulinae, and Acestrorhamphinae.

The phylogeny resolves intergeneric relationships and supports revalidation of 𝑀𝑦𝑥𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑠, 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑠, 𝑅𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑧𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎, 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑠, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠, synonymy of 𝐴𝑝ℎ𝑦𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑒, 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑦𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑥, and 𝑃𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠, and expansion of 𝐶𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟, 𝑀𝑎𝑘𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑚𝑎, 𝐷𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛, 𝐻𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑎, 𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠, 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜, 𝐶𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛, and 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛. The phylogeny opens avenues for new systematic reviews and redefinitions of included genera.

There are many name changes at the species level proposed, including many popular aquarium tetras, from the Bleeding heart tetra to the Red-eye tetra, and it seems everything in-between! The full list of proposed changes is below.

This study involved thirteen authors, a six-year project which covered 575 taxa, 494 species, 123 genera, four families, and 29 subfamilies, resulting in this new classification of Characidae tetras and related families.

Below is the complete list of nomenclature changes at the species level proposed in this study.

𝗦𝘂𝗯𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗔𝗽𝗵𝘆𝗼𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗲

Hemigrammus geisleri is now Cyanogaster geisleri

𝗦𝘂𝗯𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗦𝘁𝘆𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗵𝘁𝗵𝘆𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗲

Deuterodon aphos is now Myxiops aphos

𝐷𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑠 is now 𝑀𝑦𝑥𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑠

𝗦𝘂𝗯𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗠𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗲

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑖 is now 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠𝑖 (Bentos tetra)

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖 is now 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑝𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠 is now 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑠 𝑒𝑝𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠 is now 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠 (Serpae tetra)

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑟𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑎 is now 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑠 𝑒𝑟𝑦𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑔𝑚𝑢𝑠 (Bleeding heart tetra)

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑧𝑖 is now 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑧𝑖

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑒 is now 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑠 𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑒

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 is now 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 (Black phantom tetra)

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠 is now 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑢𝑠

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑢𝑠 is now 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑠 𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑢𝑠 (Rosy Tetra)

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑓𝑖 is now 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑓𝑖 (Lesser bleeding-heart tetra)

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑖 is now 𝑀𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑠 𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑖 (Red Phantom Tetra)

𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑖 is now 𝑀𝑎𝑘𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑟𝑖 (Diamond tetra)

𝗦𝘂𝗯𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗦𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗲

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑠 is now 𝐻𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑎

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 is now 𝐻𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎

𝐽𝑢𝑝𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎 is now 𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑎

𝗦𝘂𝗯𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗲

𝐴𝑝ℎ𝑦𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎 is now 𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑠

𝐴𝑝ℎ𝑦𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎𝑘𝑎 is now 𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑎𝑘𝑎

𝐴𝑝ℎ𝑦𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑠 is now 𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑝𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑠

𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑖 is now 𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑖

𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑒𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖 is now 𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑒𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖

𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎 is now 𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠

𝗦𝘂𝗯𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗲

𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑛𝑎 is now 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑛𝑎

𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑔𝑢𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 is now 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑢𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠

𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑖 is now 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑖

𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑢𝑠 is now 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑢𝑠

𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑖 is now 𝑅𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑧𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑏𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑖

𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟 is now 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟 (Head and tail-light tetra)

𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑟 is now 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑟 (Pretty tetra)

𝐻𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠 is now 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠

𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠 is now 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠

𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑜𝑝𝑠 is now 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑜𝑝𝑠 (Lipstick tetra)

𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑖 is now 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑖

𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑝𝑖𝑠 is now 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑝𝑖𝑠 (Glass tetra)

𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑦𝑟𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑎 is now 𝑅𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑧𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑎 𝑝𝑦𝑟𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑎

𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑒 is now 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑒 (Red-eye tetra)

𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑢 is now 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑢

𝗦𝘂𝗯𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗚𝗿𝘂𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗲

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑖 is now 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑖

𝗦𝘂𝗯𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗔𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗿𝗵𝗮𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗲

𝐴𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑘ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑧𝑢 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑧𝑢

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑖 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑖

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑖𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑒 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑖𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑒

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑛𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑠 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑠

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑔𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑔𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑠

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑖

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑠 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑠

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑒 is now 𝐶𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑒

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑡𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑖 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑔𝑜𝑖

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑧𝑒𝑎𝑒 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑧𝑒𝑎𝑒

𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑦𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑛 is now 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑛

𝐻𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑎 𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑎 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑎

𝐻𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑎 𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑎

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑢𝑠 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑢𝑠

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠

𝐻𝑦𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑢𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑜 is now 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑛 𝑢𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑜

𝑀𝑜𝑒𝑛𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑏𝑎 is now 𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑏𝑎

𝑃𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑢𝑠 𝑘𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑑𝑦𝑖 is now 𝐶𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑘𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑑𝑦𝑖