Hyphessobrycon megalopterus - Zwarte Fantoomzalm - Vrouw

The end of the Characidae family as we know it?

Share on Pinterest Share on WhatsApp Share on Reddit Share on Pocket

Neotropical tetras of the family Characidae form the largest and most taxonomically complex clade within the order Characiformes. In this study, researchers propose a new classification of former Characidae into four new taxonomic families: Spintherobolidae, Stevardiidae (nine sub-families), Characidae (five sub-families), and Acestrorhamphidae (15 sub-families).

Paywall – https://academic.oup.com/…/articl…/202/1/zlae101/7748269

This is a major work, with a lot to unpack. This study represents the largest phylogeny of Neotropical tetras of the families Acestrorhamphidae, Characidae, Spintherobolidae, and Stevardiidae to date in terms of taxa and characters. Together with the new (sub)families, there are many nomenclature changes at the species level proposed, and some great discussion on the remarkable fishes we know as tetras.

The authors note that the new phylogeny opens avenues for new systematic reviews and redefinitions of included genera.

๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฐ๐—ต ๐—ง๐—ถ๐˜๐—น๐—ฒ

Phylogenomics of Characidae, a hyper-diverse Neotropical freshwater fish lineage, with a phylogenetic classification including four families (Teleostei: Characiformes)

๐—–๐—ถ๐˜๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป

Bruno F Melo, Rafaela P Ota, Ricardo C Benine, Fernando R Carvalho, Flavio C T Lima, George M T Mattox, Camila S Souza, Tiago C Faria, Lais Reia, Fabio F Roxo, Martha Valdez-Moreno, Thomas J Near, Claudio Oliveira, Phylogenomics of Characidae, a hyper-diverse Neotropical freshwater fish lineage, with a phylogenetic classification including four families (Teleostei: Characiformes), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 202, Issue 1, September 2024, zlae101, https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae101

๐—”๐—ฏ๐˜€๐˜๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐˜

Neotropical tetras of the family Characidae form the largest and most taxonomically complex clade within the order Characiformes. Previous phylogenetic relationships concur on the recognition of four major subclades, whereas knowledge on intergeneric and interspecific relationships remains largely incomplete or nonexistent.

We sampled 575 specimens of 494 species and 123 genera classified in Characidae, generated new molecular data of ultraconserved elements (UCEs), and used likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The phylogeny (1348 UCE loci: 538 472 bp) yielded clades with unprecedented resolution at species- and genus-levels, allowing us to propose a new classification of former Characidae into four families: Spintherobolidae, Stevardiidae, Characidae, and Acestrorhamphidae.

The family Stevardiidae includes nine subfamilies: Landoninae, Xenurobryconinae, Glandulocaudinae, Argopleurinae, Hemibryconinae, Stevardiinae, Planaltininae, Creagrutinae, and Diapominae.

The family Characidae includes five subfamilies: Aphyocharacinae, Cheirodontinae, Exodontinae, Tetragonopterinae, and Characinae.

The family Acestrorhamphidae congregates 15 subfamilies: Oxybryconinae, Trochilocharacinae, Stygichthyinae, Megalamphodinae, Stichonodontinae, unnamed subfamily, Stethaprioninae, Pristellinae, Jupiabinae, Tyttobryconinae, Hyphessobryconinae, Thayeriinae, Rhoadsiinae, Grundulinae, and Acestrorhamphinae.

The phylogeny resolves intergeneric relationships and supports revalidation of ๐‘€๐‘ฆ๐‘ฅ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘๐‘ , ๐‘€๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘ , ๐‘…๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘ง๐‘’๐‘™๐‘™๐‘Ž, ๐ป๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘ , ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘‘ ๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘–๐‘›๐‘ข๐‘ , synonymy of ๐ด๐‘โ„Ž๐‘ฆ๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘’, ๐บ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ, and ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘™๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘ , and expansion of ๐ถ๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘œ๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ, ๐‘€๐‘Ž๐‘˜๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘–๐‘š๐‘Ž, ๐ท๐‘’๐‘ข๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘›, ๐ป๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘–๐‘Ž, ๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘ , ๐ต๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘œ, ๐ถ๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘›๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›, and ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘›. The phylogeny opens avenues for new systematic reviews and redefinitions of included genera.

There are many name changes at the species level proposed, including many popular aquarium tetras, from the Bleeding heart tetra to the Red-eye tetra, and it seems everything in-between! The full list of proposed changes is below.

This study involved thirteen authors, a six-year project which covered 575 taxa, 494 species, 123 genera, four families, and 29 subfamilies, resulting in this new classification of Characidae tetras and related families.

Below is the complete list of nomenclature changes at the species level proposed in this study.

๐—ฆ๐˜‚๐—ฏ๐—ณ๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—น๐˜† ๐—”๐—ฝ๐—ต๐˜†๐—ผ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—ฒ

๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘”๐‘’๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘™๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘– is now ๐ถ๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘œ๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ ๐‘”๐‘’๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘™๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘–

๐—ฆ๐˜‚๐—ฏ๐—ณ๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—น๐˜† ๐—ฆ๐˜๐˜†๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐˜๐—ต๐˜†๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—ฒ

๐ท๐‘’๐‘ข๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘Ž๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘  is now ๐‘€๐‘ฆ๐‘ฅ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘๐‘  ๐‘Ž๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘ 

๐ท๐‘’๐‘ข๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘๐‘’๐‘™๐‘’๐‘๐‘ข๐‘  is now ๐‘€๐‘ฆ๐‘ฅ๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘๐‘  ๐‘๐‘’๐‘™๐‘’๐‘๐‘ข๐‘ 

๐—ฆ๐˜‚๐—ฏ๐—ณ๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—น๐˜† ๐— ๐—ฒ๐—ด๐—ฎ๐—น๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—ฒ

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘– is now ๐‘€๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ก๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘– (Bentos tetra)

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘๐‘’๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘‘๐‘– is now ๐‘€๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘๐‘’๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘‘๐‘–

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘’๐‘๐‘–๐‘โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘  is now ๐‘€๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘’๐‘๐‘–๐‘โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘ 

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘’๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘’๐‘  is now ๐‘€๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘’๐‘ž๐‘ข๐‘’๐‘  (Serpae tetra)

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘กโ„Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘”๐‘š๐‘Ž is now ๐‘€๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘กโ„Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘”๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  (Bleeding heart tetra)

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘‘๐‘ ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘ก๐‘ง๐‘– is now ๐‘€๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘  โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘‘๐‘ ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘ก๐‘ง๐‘–

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘’ is now ๐‘€๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘’

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘š๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘ข๐‘  is now ๐‘€๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘š๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘ข๐‘  (Black phantom tetra)

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘ข๐‘  is now ๐‘€๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘ข๐‘ 

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘’๐‘ข๐‘  is now ๐‘€๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘’๐‘ข๐‘  (Rosy Tetra)

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘“๐‘– is now ๐‘€๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘“๐‘– (Lesser bleeding-heart tetra)

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘ ๐‘ค๐‘’๐‘”๐‘™๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘– is now ๐‘€๐‘’๐‘”๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘โ„Ž๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘ ๐‘ค๐‘’๐‘”๐‘™๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘– (Red Phantom Tetra)

๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘– is now ๐‘€๐‘Ž๐‘˜๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘–๐‘š๐‘Ž ๐‘๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘– (Diamond tetra)

๐—ฆ๐˜‚๐—ฏ๐—ณ๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—น๐˜† ๐—ฆ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ผ๐—ฑ๐—ผ๐—ป๐˜๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—ฒ

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘œ๐‘  is now ๐ป๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘Ž

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘›๐‘’๐‘”๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘ข๐‘Ž is now ๐ป๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘›๐‘’๐‘”๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘ข๐‘Ž

๐ฝ๐‘ข๐‘๐‘–๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ž ๐‘ง๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘Ž is now ๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘ง๐‘œ๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘Ž

๐—ฆ๐˜‚๐—ฏ๐—ณ๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—น๐˜† ๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—น๐—น๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—ฒ

๐ด๐‘โ„Ž๐‘ฆ๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘–๐‘๐‘Ž is now ๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘–๐‘๐‘ข๐‘ 

๐ด๐‘โ„Ž๐‘ฆ๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘–๐‘Ž๐‘˜๐‘Ž is now ๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘–๐‘Ž๐‘˜๐‘Ž

๐ด๐‘โ„Ž๐‘ฆ๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘ก๐‘’ ๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘๐‘’๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘  is now ๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘๐‘’๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘ 

๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘™๐‘’๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘– is now ๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘™๐‘’๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘–

๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘’๐‘–๐‘”๐‘’๐‘›๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘›๐‘– is now ๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘’๐‘–๐‘”๐‘’๐‘›๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘›๐‘–

๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘š๐‘’๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘Ž is now ๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘š๐‘’๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘ 

๐—ฆ๐˜‚๐—ฏ๐—ณ๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—น๐˜† ๐—ง๐—ต๐—ฎ๐˜†๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—ฒ

๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘ข๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘Ž is now ๐ป๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘  ๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘ข๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘Ž

๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘”๐‘ข๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘  is now ๐ป๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘  ๐‘”๐‘ข๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘ 

๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘‘๐‘– is now ๐ป๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘  โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘‘๐‘–

๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘›๐‘’๐‘๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘ข๐‘  is now ๐ป๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘  ๐‘›๐‘’๐‘๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘ข๐‘ 

๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘›๐‘’๐‘ค๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘‘๐‘– is now ๐‘…๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘ง๐‘’๐‘™๐‘™๐‘Ž ๐‘›๐‘’๐‘ค๐‘๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘‘๐‘–

๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘’๐‘™๐‘™๐‘–๐‘“๐‘’๐‘Ÿ is now ๐ป๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘  ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘’๐‘™๐‘™๐‘–๐‘“๐‘’๐‘Ÿ (Head and tail-light tetra)

๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘Ÿ is now ๐ป๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘  ๐‘๐‘ข๐‘™๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘Ÿ (Pretty tetra)

๐ป๐‘’๐‘š๐‘–๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘ ๐‘˜๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘  is now ๐ต๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘ ๐‘˜๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘ 

๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘  is now ๐ต๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘ 

๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘š๐‘œ๐‘๐‘  is now ๐ต๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘ ๐‘š๐‘œ๐‘๐‘  (Lipstick tetra)

๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘“๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘– is now ๐ต๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘“๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘–

๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘–๐‘”๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘’๐‘๐‘–๐‘  is now ๐ต๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘–๐‘”๐‘œ๐‘™๐‘’๐‘๐‘–๐‘  (Glass tetra)

๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘๐‘ฆ๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘กโ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘š๐‘Ž is now ๐‘…๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘ง๐‘’๐‘™๐‘™๐‘Ž ๐‘๐‘ฆ๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘กโ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘š๐‘Ž

๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘’๐‘“๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘’ is now ๐ต๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘’๐‘“๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘’๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘’ (Red-eye tetra)

๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘ข๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ข๐‘Ÿ๐‘ข is now ๐ต๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘œ ๐‘ข๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘ข๐‘Ÿ๐‘ข

๐—ฆ๐˜‚๐—ฏ๐—ณ๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—น๐˜† ๐—š๐—ฟ๐˜‚๐—ป๐—ฑ๐˜‚๐—น๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—ฒ

๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘š๐‘œ๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘– is now ๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘–๐‘›๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘š๐‘œ๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘–๐‘–

๐—ฆ๐˜‚๐—ฏ๐—ณ๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—ถ๐—น๐˜† ๐—”๐—ฐ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐—ต๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—ฝ๐—ต๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—ฒ

๐ด๐‘›๐‘‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘œ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘’ ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘ข๐‘Ž๐‘ง๐‘ข is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘ข๐‘Ž๐‘ง๐‘ข

๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘™๐‘’๐‘›๐‘– is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘™๐‘’๐‘›๐‘–

๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘’ is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘’

๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘š๐‘›๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘  is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘š๐‘›๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘ 

๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘š๐‘–๐‘™๐‘–๐‘  is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘‘๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘š๐‘–๐‘™๐‘–๐‘ 

๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘”๐‘œ๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘  is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘”๐‘œ๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘ 

๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘™๐‘– is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘™๐‘–

๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘๐‘’๐‘๐‘  is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘™๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘–๐‘๐‘’๐‘๐‘ 

๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘’๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘’ is now ๐ถ๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘›๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘”๐‘‘๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘’๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘’

๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘›๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘›๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ

๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘ก๐‘œ๐‘”๐‘œ๐‘– is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘ก๐‘œ๐‘”๐‘œ๐‘–

๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘ฃ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘ง๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘’ is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘ฃ๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘ง๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘’

๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘ฃ๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘™๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘› is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘ฃ๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘š๐‘–๐‘™๐‘–๐‘œ๐‘›

๐บ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› is now ๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘ก๐‘Ž๐‘Ÿ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘›

๐ป๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘˜๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘”๐‘Ž is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘˜๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘ข๐‘›๐‘”๐‘Ž

๐ป๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘ข๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ž is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘ข๐‘๐‘’๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘๐‘Ž

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘๐‘ข๐‘  is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘๐‘ข๐‘ 

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘  is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘ก๐‘ข๐‘ 

๐ป๐‘ฆ๐‘โ„Ž๐‘’๐‘ ๐‘ ๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘ข๐‘Ž๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘œ is now ๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘Ž๐‘™๐‘–๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘ข๐‘Ž๐‘–๐‘ ๐‘œ

๐‘€๐‘œ๐‘’๐‘›๐‘˜โ„Ž๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘ ๐‘–๐‘Ž ๐‘๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘๐‘Ž is now ๐ด๐‘ ๐‘ก๐‘ฆ๐‘Ž๐‘›๐‘Ž๐‘ฅ ๐‘๐‘–๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘ข๐‘๐‘Ž

๐‘ƒ๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘™๐‘™๐‘œ๐‘”๐‘Ÿ๐‘Ž๐‘š๐‘š๐‘ข๐‘  ๐‘˜๐‘’๐‘›๐‘›๐‘’๐‘‘๐‘ฆ๐‘– is now ๐ถ๐‘ก๐‘’๐‘›๐‘œ๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘ฆ๐‘๐‘œ๐‘› ๐‘˜๐‘’๐‘›๐‘›๐‘’๐‘‘๐‘ฆ๐‘–

Share on Pinterest Share on WhatsApp Share on Reddit Share on Pocket
Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Searchfilter

zoekfilter

News, Updates en Promotions

Would you like to be kept informed of News, Updates and Promotions on the AquaInfo website? Subscribe below!